Bitstream encoding:All the values produced previously need to be encoded now.The purpose of this is to result in a block where most or all of the coefficients are zero, with very few non-zero coefficients. This output is quantized, i.e., each coefficient is divided by an integer value. These basis patterns can be combined to re-create the initial block of residual samples. This outputs a set of coefficients, each of which relates to the weighting value of standard basis patterns. Transformation and quantization: A block of residual samples is transformed using an approximate form of Discrete Cosine Transform, or 8x8 or 4x4 integer transform.The encoder extracts the prediction and forms a residual. That forms a prediction of the macroblock based on the previous-coded data - either from the current frame (intra prediction) or from previous coded and transmitted frames (inter prediction). Prediction: The encoder processes a frame of video units of a Macroblock (16x16 displayed pixels).Let’s look at the H.264 encoder processes in detail: The decoder then carries out complementary processes - decoding, inverse transform, and reconstruction - to produce the decoded video stream. The H.264 video encoder carries out three important processes - prediction, transform, and encoding - to give a compressed H.264 bitstream. Using H.264 compression, the codec can retain the video quality as it is, without compromising at all while reducing the required space to only half of the original space. Video codecs based on the H.264 standard, compress digital video streams and make them fit only half the bandwidth or storage space of the MPEG-2 (H.262) standard. Many famous vendors use H.264 in their own codec versions - like Apple Codec, MainConcept Codec, x264 Codec, and so on. The H.264 codec was jointly developed by the MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) and ITU (International Telecommunication Unit). H.264 compression supports digital videos up to 8K Ultra HD. H.264 defines various profiles (tools) and levels (maximum resolutions and bitrates) - we will check this out in more depth later in the article. This makes it easier to stream, play, and transmit videos over the internet. H.264, Also known as MPEG-4 Part 10 or Advanced Video Coding (AVC), H.264 converts digital videos into formats that take up very less storage space.
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